Citations are a two-part system: in-text citations connected to reference list citations.
This guide will help you create in-text citations that correlate with the corresponding reference list citations.
Follow the assignment formatting instructions provided by your professors. They often dictate which style and edition they prefer you use. If you are uncertain, it's usually best to ask them directly what they prefer.
If you have questions, let us know!
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Virtually:
Name of Host. (Host). (Date range or the production date for an episode). Title of Episode [Type of
Work]. In Title of podcast [Type of Work]. Production Company. URL
THE ENTIRE PODCAST
Hobbes, M. (Host) & Marshall, S. (Host). (2018 to present). You're wrong about [Audio podcast]. https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/michael-hobbes/youre-wrong-about
A PODCAST EPISODE
Shaw, Y. (Host). (2020, March 27). White vs. White (Season 6, Episode 4) [Audio podcast episode]. In Invisibilia. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2020/03/25/821450882/white-v-white
APA Manual p. 345, Examples 93 and 94
Author or Artist if available. (Year image was created). Title of work [Type of Work]. Name of the Institution, Location of the Insitution. URL
Abbott, B. (1946). The wing [Photograph]. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States. https://www.artic.edu/artworks/76245/the-wing
APA Manual pp. 346-347
Recorded
Producer and/or Director (Function). (Year of release). Title of video [Medium consulted]. URL
Navaxky, M., & O'Connor, K. (Producers, Directors, & Writers). (2006) Living old: The modern realities of aging in America [DVD]. https://shop.pbs.org/frontline-living-old-dvd/product/FRL62415
Tip: The director should be credited as the author of the film. If unknown then someone in another role should be credited.
APA Manual pp. 342-343, Example 84
In Theaters
Director and/or Producer. (Function). (Year of release). Title of film [Film]. Country of origin: Name of Studio.
Wallace, R. (Director). (2010). Secretariat [Film]. United States: Walt Disney Pictures.
APA Manual pp. 342-343 Example 84
TV Series
Producer(s) name. (Function). (Years of broadcast). Title of Series [Type of Work]. Name of Production Company; Channel
Simon, D., Colesberry, R.F., & Kostroff Noble, N. (Executive Producers). (2002-2008). The Wire [TV series]. Blown Deadline Productions; HBO
Tip: See Example 87 in the APA Manual to format a reference to an individual episode of a TV series.
APA Manual p. 434 Example 86
Author. [Screen name]. (Date produced or posted). Title of video [Medium consulted]. Platform. URL
Harvard University. [Harvard]. (2007, December 10). An introduction to the dataverse network as an infrastructure to data sharing [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fgn6dmfsZ_M
SFP Productions. [Films for the Humanities] (1989). Before the alphabet [Video]. Films On Demand. https://digital.films.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=97157&xtid=1685
APA Manual p. 344, Example 90
