Citations are a two part system: in-text citations connected to reference list citations.
This guide will help you create in-text citations that correlate with the corresponding Reference list citations. Please see the References guide for more details on the Reference list.
If you are citing a source that has multiple authors, follow these basic steps.
Always cite both authors' names in-text everytime you reference them. Example: Johnson and Smith (2009) found...
Provide all the authors' last names when you first refer to a document with 3-5 authors. Only list the first author with the Latin abbreviation "et al." for any subsequent references.
Example:
Jones, Chavez, Jackson, and Chen (2010) duplicated...
Jones et al. (2010) further described...
If a document has six or more authors, simply provide the last name of the first author with "et al." from the first citation to the last.
Example:
Thomas et al. (2007) likened abnormal psychology to...
... distractions (Thomas et al., 2007).
Important Note: If you have two or more documents that look the same when shortened, please follow the guidelines set out in the Authors and Dates Matching section.
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